"froncer" meaning in All languages combined

See froncer on Wiktionary

Verb [French]

IPA: /fʁɔ̃.se/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-froncer.wav [France, Toulouse], LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-froncer.wav [France, Lyon], LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-froncer.wav [France] (note: Somain)
Etymology: From fronce "frown, scowl" from Middle French fronce, from Old French fronces, fronche "frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth", from Frankish *hrunkja "wrinkle" from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to turn, bend”). Akin to Old High German runza "fold, wrinkle, crease" (German Runzel "wrinkle"), Middle Dutch ronse "frown", Old Norse hrukka "wrinkle, crease" (Icelandic hrukka "wrinkle, crease, ruck"). More at ruck₂. Etymology templates: {{uder|fr|frm|fronce}} Middle French fronce, {{uder|fr|fro|fronces|fronces, fronche}} Old French fronces, fronche, {{der|fr|frk|*hrunkja}} Frankish *hrunkja, {{uder|fr|gem-pro|*hrunkijō}} Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, {{uder|fr|ine-pro|*sker-||to turn, bend}} Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to turn, bend”), {{cog|goh|runza}} Old High German runza, {{cog|de|Runzel}} German Runzel, {{cog|dum|ronse|}} Middle Dutch ronse, {{cog|non|hrukka}} Old Norse hrukka, {{cog|is|hrukka}} Icelandic hrukka Head templates: {{fr-verb}} froncer Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], froncer [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], fronçant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], froncé [participle, past], fronce [first-person, indicative, present, singular], fronces [indicative, present, second-person, singular], fronce [indicative, present, singular, third-person], fronçons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], froncez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], froncent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], fronçais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], fronçais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], fronçait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], froncions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], fronciez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], fronçaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], fronçai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], fronças [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], fronça [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], fronçâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], fronçâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], froncèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], froncerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], fronceras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], froncera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], froncerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], froncerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], fronceront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], froncerais [conditional, first-person, singular], froncerais [conditional, second-person, singular], froncerait [conditional, singular, third-person], froncerions [conditional, first-person, plural], fronceriez [conditional, plural, second-person], fronceraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], fronce [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], fronces [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], fronce [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], froncions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], fronciez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], froncent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], fronçasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], fronçasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], fronçât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], fronçassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], fronçassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], fronçassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], fronce [imperative, second-person, singular], fronçons [first-person, imperative, plural], froncez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. to scowl, to frown
    Sense id: en-froncer-fr-verb-tZBOhsps Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French undefined derivations, French verbs with conjugation -cer, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 57 43 Disambiguation of French undefined derivations: 54 46 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -cer: 53 47 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 57 43 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 78 22
  2. (transitive) to gather (fabric) Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-froncer-fr-verb-klBWAUPJ Categories (other): French undefined derivations, French verbs with conjugation -cer Disambiguation of French undefined derivations: 54 46 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -cer: 53 47
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: froncer les sourcils

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "froncer les sourcils"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "fronce"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French fronce",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fronces",
        "4": "fronces, fronche"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French fronces, fronche",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*hrunkja"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *hrunkja",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrunkijō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sker-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn, bend"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to turn, bend”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "runza"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German runza",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Runzel"
      },
      "expansion": "German Runzel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ronse",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch ronse",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "hrukka"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse hrukka",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hrukka"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hrukka",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From fronce \"frown, scowl\" from Middle French fronce, from Old French fronces, fronche \"frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth\", from Frankish *hrunkja \"wrinkle\" from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to turn, bend”).\nAkin to Old High German runza \"fold, wrinkle, crease\" (German Runzel \"wrinkle\"), Middle Dutch ronse \"frown\", Old Norse hrukka \"wrinkle, crease\" (Icelandic hrukka \"wrinkle, crease, ruck\"). More at ruck₂.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçant",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncé",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronces",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçons",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçait",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronciez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçaient",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçai",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronças",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronça",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçâmes",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçâtes",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncèrent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerai",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceras",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncera",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerons",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceront",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerait",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceriez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceraient",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronces",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronciez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçasse",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçasses",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçât",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçassions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçassiez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçassent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçons",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "froncer",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "57 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French undefined derivations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -cer",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "57 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "78 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              115,
              121
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              110,
              117
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Something stronger than herself forced her to him; so much so, that one day, seeing her come unexpectedly, he frowned as one put out.",
          "ref": "1857, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary […], Paris: Michel Lévy Frères; republished as Eleanor Marx, transl., 1886:",
          "text": "Quelque chose de plus fort qu'elle la poussait vers lui, si bien qu'un jour, la voyant survenir à l'improviste, il fronça le visage comme quelqu'un de contrarié.",
          "translation": "Something stronger than herself forced her to him; so much so, that one day, seeing her come unexpectedly, he frowned as one put out.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to scowl, to frown"
      ],
      "id": "en-froncer-fr-verb-tZBOhsps",
      "links": [
        [
          "scowl",
          "scowl"
        ],
        [
          "frown",
          "frown"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French undefined derivations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -cer",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to gather (fabric)"
      ],
      "id": "en-froncer-fr-verb-klBWAUPJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "gather",
          "gather"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to gather (fabric)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-froncer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Toulouse"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-froncer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-froncer.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-froncer.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Lyon"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-froncer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-froncer.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Somain",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-froncer.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "froncer"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Frankish",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French undefined derivations",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -cer",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "froncer les sourcils"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "fronce"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French fronce",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fronces",
        "4": "fronces, fronche"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French fronces, fronche",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*hrunkja"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *hrunkja",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrunkijō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sker-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn, bend"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to turn, bend”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "runza"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German runza",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Runzel"
      },
      "expansion": "German Runzel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ronse",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch ronse",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "hrukka"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse hrukka",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hrukka"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hrukka",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From fronce \"frown, scowl\" from Middle French fronce, from Old French fronces, fronche \"frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth\", from Frankish *hrunkja \"wrinkle\" from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to turn, bend”).\nAkin to Old High German runza \"fold, wrinkle, crease\" (German Runzel \"wrinkle\"), Middle Dutch ronse \"frown\", Old Norse hrukka \"wrinkle, crease\" (Icelandic hrukka \"wrinkle, crease, ruck\"). More at ruck₂.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçant",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncé",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronces",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçons",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçait",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronciez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçaient",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçai",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronças",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronça",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçâmes",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçâtes",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncèrent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerai",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceras",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncera",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerons",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceront",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerait",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceriez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceraient",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronces",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronciez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçasse",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçasses",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçât",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçassions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçassiez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçassent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçons",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "froncer",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              115,
              121
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              110,
              117
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Something stronger than herself forced her to him; so much so, that one day, seeing her come unexpectedly, he frowned as one put out.",
          "ref": "1857, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary […], Paris: Michel Lévy Frères; republished as Eleanor Marx, transl., 1886:",
          "text": "Quelque chose de plus fort qu'elle la poussait vers lui, si bien qu'un jour, la voyant survenir à l'improviste, il fronça le visage comme quelqu'un de contrarié.",
          "translation": "Something stronger than herself forced her to him; so much so, that one day, seeing her come unexpectedly, he frowned as one put out.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to scowl, to frown"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scowl",
          "scowl"
        ],
        [
          "frown",
          "frown"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to gather (fabric)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gather",
          "gather"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to gather (fabric)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-froncer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Toulouse"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-froncer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-froncer.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lyoko%C3%AF-froncer.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Lyon"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-froncer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-froncer.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Somain",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-froncer.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "froncer"
}

Download raw JSONL data for froncer meaning in All languages combined (12.9kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.